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On Oct. 8, U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth confirmed (archived) reports that the U.S. military was planning to livestream the execution of Nidal Malik Hasan, which is currently set for Dec. 3. 

A military jury sentenced Hasan, a former Army psychiatrist, to death in 2013 after it found him guilty of killing 13 people and injuring 30 more during a shooting rampage at the Army’s Fort Hood post in Texas in 2009. U.S. President Donald Trump approved (archived) Hasan’s death sentence on Oct. 2, clearing the path for his execution.

On Oct. 8, Hegseth shared an X post by CBS News that read:

The U.S. military plans to livestream the execution of Nidal Hasan, the ex-Army major who was convicted of the 2009 killing of 13 people at Fort Hood, when he faces a firing squad on Dec. 3, a Pentagon official said.

Hegseth wrote, “Correct.”

One day later, on Oct. 9, the Associated Press reported that Vice President JD Vance cast doubt on whether the Pentagon would actually livestream the execution. “I don’t know that that’s actually going to happen,” he reportedly said.

Following Hegseth’s confirmation, discussion abounded online about whether executing Hasan in such a public manner was legal (archived, archived, archived). Snopes readers also contacted us about the legality of the planned livestream.

The military justice system, which is separate from the civilian justice systems in the U.S., carried out Hasan’s trial and sentencing in 2013. On Oct. 5, Hegseth’s assistant secretary for public affairs Sean Parnell wrote on X (archived) that the Army’s firing squad would execute Hasan, meaning his execution would be governed by Army regulations.

At the time of this writing, the U.S. Army did not have regulations explicitly allowing it to livestream an execution. Rather, Army Regulation 190–55, which covers procedures for military executions, included requirements that would likely hinder the Army’s ability to provide a public livestream.

Gary Barthel, a former U.S. Marine Corps officer and managing partner at the Military Law Center, told Snopes on Oct. 9 that if the Army wanted to legally livestream Hasan’s execution, officials would have to either seek an exemption to regulation 190-55 from the Office of the Provost Marshal General as laid out in the regulation itself or amend the existing regulation to allow livestreaming. 

We contacted the Department of the Defense to ask if it was planning to do either of these things and await a reply.

Because the legality of livestreaming Hasan’s execution was potentially subject to change, we leave this claim unrated. 

What Army regulation says

Chapter 2-5 of regulation 190-55 lists who may and may not witness a military execution. According to the chapter, no person younger than 18 years old may witness an execution and the Army must approve the list of witnesses beforehand.

Those two stipulations could make it difficult for the Army to provide a public livestream without violating its own regulations because it would have to vet the audience’s age. Hosting a truly public livestream would make it impossible to approve a list of “witnesses” ahead of the execution because people might log in to watch on the day without registering beforehand.

Barthel told Snopes via phone on Oct. 9:

The Army is required to follow its regulations. If the Army wants to stream this execution they need to change the regulations to allow it. And, either way, I would anticipate that there is going to be some efforts to stop it.

Barthel said that Hasan’s defense team could still ask a civilian court to stop the execution and live stream by filing a habeas corpus petition. Such a petition allows a detainee to challenge their detention in court.

Would public execution be ‘cruel and unusual punishment’?

Daniel Maurer, an associate professor at the Claude W. Pettit College of Law at Ohio Northern University, told Snopes that livestreaming Hasan’s execution could raise constitutional concerns that would ultimately play out in court.

Hasan’s defense could bring up such constitutional concerns as part of a habeas petition. Maurer said via email on Oct. 9 that Hasan’s defense could argue that being executed on livestream amounted to “cruel and unusual punishment,” which is banned by the U.S. Constitution’s 8th Amendment. Maurer wrote (links ours):

The remaining legal issue is maybe more complicated and would need courts to resolve it: does such a practice violate Hasan’s 8th Amendment protection from “cruel and unusual punishments?” – this protection is also stated in the UCMJ, article 55, and Army Regulation 190-47 (“The Army Corrections System”) so it applies to prisoners already confined, not just defendants at court-martial sentencing. 

In order to establish whether livestreaming Hasan’s execution amounted to cruel and unusual punishment, the courts might apply the “Evolving Standard” test, according to Maurer. The test allows courts to consider whether a punishment is cruel and unusual under current societal standards, rather than according to standards at the time the Constitution was written. 

Cornell Law School’s Legal Information Library wrote that “in the context of capital punishment, the Court has generally viewed the Eighth Amendment to prohibit punishments that ‘involve the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain.’”

Though livestreaming may not inflict “unnecessary and wanton” pain, Maurer said there are other factors at play:

Given that federal law prohibits photographic or other visual or audio recording of an execution of any other civilian federal prisoner, this is strong evidence that our own federal government (of which the DoD is of course a part) would consider it to be “cruel and unusual,” and thus would be an 8th Amendment violation.

Eugene R. Fidell, a visiting lecturer at Yale Law School specializing in military law, called the decision to livestream Hasan’s execution “sick-making” when speaking to Snopes on Oct. 9. He previously told DRM News that a habeas petition could postpone Hasan’s execution past the end of the Trump administration as it progressed through the civilian court system. That means Hasan’s execution and any potential livestream could be halted by an administration without “the same penchant for executions,” Fidell reportedly told the Associated Press.

It was unclear whether Hasan would file a habeas petition. The Associated Press reported that Hasan had begun his 2013 trial by firing his lawyers and telling jurors that he was the gunman in the 2009 shooting. The outlet reported that this move “convinced his court-appointed standby lawyers that Hasan’s only goal was to get a death sentence.” It remained unclear whether Hasan’s goal remained the same in 2026.

The nonprofit Death Penalty Information Center wrote that Hasan’s execution would be the first military execution in the U.S. since 1961.

The Washington Post, citing the center, reported that the last high-profile public execution of any type in the U.S. took place in 1936. Another public execution took place the year after.

For further reading, Snopes compiled 17 claims about the death penalty that we’ve investigated over the years.

Sources

In October, several weeks after a lawsuit was filed accusing seven male students at Cornell University of drugging and raping a female student in 2024, a rumor spread about the whereabouts of one of the accused men. According to the claim, Matthew Ingalls — who reportedly initiated the encounter with the accuser, named in court documents only as Jane Doe — fled to Dubai, where he previously lived. 

Posts on Facebook (archived) and Instagram claimed Ingalls, who the posts said also goes by Umar Matthew Ingalls, was in Dubai with his family:

Umar Matthew Ingalls, one of the “Cornell 7” accused in the alleged 2024 gang rape at the Chi Phi house, is now reportedly in Dubai, where he grew up. Neighbors of his relatives in Connecticut told the Daily Mail they believe he’s back in the Middle East with his dad. How convenient.

Quick refresher on Mr. Ingalls. He’s the one Jane Doe says invited her to the house that night. He’s also the one who, according to messages filed in her lawsuit, shared a photo of her in the frat’s Snapchat group chat and wrote “Like you can walk in and whip it out.” The New York Post reports he added “Boys come whip it out.” Truly the words of a gentleman.

(Facebook user Feminist News)

The rumor originated from a report in the Daily Mail, a British tabliod, that relied on anonymous sources. Snopes is unable to verify Ingalls’ whereabouts as of this writing, so we have left this claim unrated. We have, however, found records of an Umar Ingalls who studied at the Dubai International Academy in Emirates Hills, Dubai, whose appearance matches that of Matthew Ingalls.

We have reached out to Ingalls — whom The New York Times reported had been expelled from Cornell — via his old college email address, to a person believed to be his father, to the Dubai International Academy and also to the Annie Wright School in Tacoma, Washington, where Ingalls reportedly studied as a child. We will update this story as we learn more.

The Daily Mail identified Ingalls as Umar Matthew Ingalls and spoke to an anonymous neighbor of Ingalls’ uncle in Connecticut, where Ingalls’ address was listed in court records. That neighbor reportedly told the tabloid Ingalls hadn’t been seen at the home in some time and that they thought he was in Dubai.

Our public records search for Umar Matthew Ingalls found his name appeared connected to an address in South Dartmouth, Massachusetts, that also was linked to the name Matthew B. Ingalls. 

The Daily Mail identified Ingalls’ father as a Yale-educated professor at the American University in Dubai. We found a Matthew B. Ingalls listed as an associate professor of Middle Eastern studies at the American University in Dubai. Snopes reached out to him to verify his identity and relationship to Ingalls and will update this story as we get more information. 

Several purported photographs of Matthew Ingalls have circulated, including one showing him wearing a Cornell rugby T-shirt and another from what appears to be his now-deleted LinkedIn account. According to the university’s student newspaper, The Cornell Daily Sun, the school’s rugby club confirmed Ingalls was previously a part of its roster. 

We found that Ingalls’ image from his deleted LinkedIn account had SynthID markers — which are inserted into images created with some generative artificial intelligence platforms — and was thus likely edited with AI. However, the photograph of Ingalls in his rugby shirt did not. We then compared that photograph to other images we found of him and found several matches. 

Dubai International Academy’s 2022-23 yearbook identifies Umar Ingalls as a member of the class of 2023 and part of the athletics team. The person in the yearbook photo appears to be the same person wearing the Cornell rugby shirt. 

(Dubai International Academy)

Umar Ingalls also was mentioned in a 2022 story in the Khaleej Times, a Dubai newspaper. The article reported on a group of students who created their own version of a lunar rover. The accompanying photograph is blurry, but the student in the back right has a strong resemblance to Ingalls. 

A 2020 blog post on the website for Annie Wright Schools, an elite private school in Tacoma, Washington, identified Umar Ingalls as half-American. He appeared to have studied at the Lower School until 2016 and lived in Dubai at the time the article was written. He commented on how Americans were perceived in Dubai after the election victory of U.S. President Donald Trump. 

For further reading, we have previously reported on numerous rumors about the Cornell rape case.